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Staff Publications

Deepfakes and AI-Generated Intimate Images Involving Minors

This memorandum reviews key federal and state laws that regulate generative artificial intelligence (AI) with particular attention to deepfakes and synthetic pornography involving minors. It describes how visual generative AI models work, including the methods used to generate AI content and realistic human imagery, and explains the legal frameworks designed to prevent misuse, especially when such content impersonates individuals or produces nonconsensual explicit material of minors.

Release date:
Publishing Agency:
Legislative Council Staff
Subjects:
  • Children & Domestic Matters
  • Courts & Judicial
  • Crimes, Corrections, & Enforcement

Staff Publications

Crime Classification Guide (2025)

This guide is a compilation of crimes and traffic infractions in Colorado.  For each offense, a brief description of the elements of the crime and the statutory citation is provided.

Release date:
Publishing Agency:
Legislative Council Staff
Subjects:
  • Courts & Judicial
  • Crimes, Corrections, & Enforcement

Staff Publications

Service and Assistance Animals

This memorandum provides information on service and assistance animals. Specifically, it explains the differences between each type of animal, how each type of animal can be verified, the rights granted to individuals accompanied by a service animal, and offenses related to the misrepresentation of service or assistance animals.

Release date:
Publishing Agency:
Legislative Council Staff
Subjects:
  • Civil Law
  • Crimes, Corrections, & Enforcement
  • Housing
  • Human Services

Final/Annual Reports

2025 Treatment of Persons with Behavioral Health Disorders in the Juvenile Justice Systems Final Report

Submitted herewith is the final report of the Legislative Oversight Committee for the Treatment of Persons with Behavioral Health Disorders in the Criminal and Juvenile Justice Systems. The committee was created pursuant to Article 98 of Title 37, Colorado Revised Statutes. The purpose of this committee is to oversee an advisory task force that studies and makes recommendations concerning persons with behavioral health disorders who are justice-involved. 

Release date:
Publishing Agency:
Legislative Council Staff
Subjects:
  • Courts & Judicial
  • Crimes, Corrections, & Enforcement
  • General Assembly
  • Human Services

Staff Publications

SB25-190 Study: Special Needs Parole and Correctional Release Options

Aging and ill inmates are the fastest growing population within Colorado prisons. Special needs parole (SNP) is designed to provide early release or parole to incarcerated individuals who have serious, debilitating, or terminal illnesses, or who are advanced age and no longer pose a threat to public safety. Yet, this release mechanism is used infrequently, often due to lack of healthcare services and housing options available upon release to the community.

Release date:
Publishing Agency:
Legislative Council Staff
Subjects:
  • Courts & Judicial
  • Crimes, Corrections, & Enforcement
  • Health Care & Health Insurance
  • Human Services
  • Local Government
  • State Government

Staff Publications

Process for Sealing or Expunging Criminal Records

This memorandum provides an overview of the process in Colorado for removing criminal records from publicly available sources, known as the “sealing” or “expungement” of criminal records.

Release date:
Publishing Agency:
Legislative Council Staff
Subjects:
  • Courts & Judicial
  • Crimes, Corrections, & Enforcement

Staff Publications

Criminal Justice Reform Bills

This memorandum provides a listing of criminal justice reform legislation enacted in Colorado from 2015 through 2025. More specifically, the attached table provides the bill number, title, and description of the criminal justice reform legislation, organized by category.

Release date:
Publishing Agency:
Legislative Council Staff
Subjects:
  • Courts & Judicial
  • Crimes, Corrections, & Enforcement

Summary of Major Legislation

Summary of 2025 Criminal Justice, Corrections, and Courts Legislation

The Colorado General Assembly passed a variety of criminal justice, corrections, and court-related bills in 2025. The new laws made changes to forensic science, law enforcement, judges and municipal courts, prison policies, and immigration.

Release date:
Publishing Agency:
Legislative Council Staff
Subjects:
  • Courts & Judicial
  • Crimes, Corrections, & Enforcement
  • General Assembly

Final/Annual Reports

2024 Treatment of Persons with Behavioral Health Disorders in the Criminal and Juvenile Justice System Final Report

Submitted herewith is the final report of the Legislative Oversight Committee for the Treatment of Persons with Behavioral Health Disorders in the Criminal and Juvenile Justice System. The committee was created pursuant to Article 98 of Title 37, Colorado Revised Statutes. The purpose of this committee is to oversee an advisory task force that studies and makes recommendations concerning persons with behavioral health disorders who are justice-involved.

Release date:
Publishing Agency:
Legislative Council Staff
Subjects:
  • Courts & Judicial
  • Crimes, Corrections, & Enforcement
  • General Assembly

Final/Annual Reports

2024 Legislative Oversight Committee for Colorado Jail Standards Final Report

Pursuant to Section 2-3-1901, C.R.S, the Legislative Oversight Committee for Colorado Jail Standards (committee) is responsible for adopting and revising standards for Colorado jails. The committee adopted a set of jail standards in 2023. Pursuant to Section 2-3-1901.5, C.R.S, jails must comply with the standards by July 1, 2026.

Release date:
Publishing Agency:
Legislative Council Staff
Subjects:
  • Courts & Judicial
  • Crimes, Corrections, & Enforcement

Final/Annual Reports

2024 Treatment of Persons with Behavioral Health Disorders in the Criminal and Juvenile Justice System Final Report

Submitted herewith is the final report of the Legislative Oversight Committee for the Treatment of Persons with Behavioral Health Disorders in the Criminal and Juvenile Justice System. The committee was created pursuant to Article 98 of Title 37, Colorado Revised Statutes. The purpose of this committee is to oversee an advisory task force that studies and makes recommendations concerning persons with behavioral health disorders who are justice-involved.

Release date:
Publishing Agency:
Legislative Council Staff
Subjects:
  • Courts & Judicial
  • Crimes, Corrections, & Enforcement
  • General Assembly
  • Human Services

Summary of Major Legislation

Summary of 2024 Criminal and Juvenile Justice Systems Legislation

The Colorado General Assembly passed a variety of criminal and juvenile justice related bills in 2024. The new laws changed record sealing, criminal penalties, court procedures, behavioral health, bail, recidivism, and other relevant topics.

Release date:
Publishing Agency:
Legislative Council Staff
Subjects:
  • Courts & Judicial
  • Crimes, Corrections, & Enforcement
  • General Assembly

Final/Annual Reports

2023 Legislative Oversight Committee on Jail Standards Final Report

Pursuant to House Bill 22-1063, the Legislative Oversight Committee Concerning Colorado Jail Standards (oversight committee) is responsible for overseeing the 22-member Colorado Jail Standards Commission (commission), which was required to recommend standards for the operation of jails in the following areas:

Release date:
Publishing Agency:
Legislative Council Staff
Subjects:
  • Courts & Judicial
  • Crimes, Corrections, & Enforcement

Final/Annual Reports

2023 Legislative Oversight Committee Concerning the Treatment of Persons with Behavioral Health Disorders in the Criminal and Juvenile Justice Systems Final Report

Submitted herewith is the final report of the Legislative Oversight Committee for the Treatment of Persons with Behavioral Health Disorders in the Criminal and Juvenile Justice System. This committee was created pursuant to Article 98 of Title 37, Colorado Revised Statutes. The purpose of this committee is to oversee an advisory task force that studies and makes recommendations concerning persons with behavioral health disorders who are justice-involved.

Release date:
Publishing Agency:
Legislative Council Staff
Subjects:
  • Courts & Judicial
  • Crimes, Corrections, & Enforcement
  • Human Services

Staff Publications

Construction Defect Laws and Issues

This memorandum provides information on Colorado's construction defect laws and the various issues surrounding construction defects in Colorado. It also provides data on housing trends in the state and offers a comparative view of construction defect civil laws in Arizona, California, Colorado, Nevada, and Texas.

Release date:
Publishing Agency:
Legislative Council Staff
Subjects:
  • Civil Law
  • Crimes, Corrections, & Enforcement
  • Local Government

Staff Publications

Fiscal Notes Considerations for Criminal Justice Bills

This memorandum provides an overview of issues considered by fiscal analysts for bills that impact the criminal justice system. Specifically, it provides an overview of Colorado's crime classifications and sentencing ranges, and of criminal justice impacts by state or local government agency.

Release date:
Publishing Agency:
Legislative Council Staff
Subjects:
  • Crimes, Corrections, & Enforcement


Issue Briefs

Commutations and Pardons (2023)

This issue brief outlines the commutation and pardon authority of the Governor and state legislature in Colorado. It provides an overview of the application process to seek clemency for a crime, and data on the number of pardons and commutations since 2017.

Release date:
Publishing Agency:
Legislative Council Staff
Subjects:
  • Crimes, Corrections, & Enforcement

Issue Briefs

Victim Compensation and Assistance Funding (2023)

Crime victim support services and programs have been funded by federal and state governments since the 1980s. In recent years, the revenue stream for these services has decreased significantly. This issue brief provides background on victim compensation and victim assistance funding and gives an update on recent changes to funding for these programs.  

Release date:
Publishing Agency:
Legislative Council Staff
Subjects:
  • Crimes, Corrections, & Enforcement


Final/Annual Reports

2022 Legislative Oversight Committee Concerning the Treatment of Persons with Behavioral Health Disorders in the Criminal and Juvenile Justice Systems Final Report

This committee was created pursuant to Article 1.9 of Title 18, Colorado Revised Statutes.  The purpose of this committee is to oversee an advisory task force that studies and makes recommendations concerning the treatment of persons with mental health disorders who are involved in the criminal and juvenile justice systems in Colorado.

Release date:
Publishing Agency:
Legislative Council Staff
Subjects:
  • Courts & Judicial
  • Crimes, Corrections, & Enforcement
  • General Assembly
  • Human Services

Summary of Major Legislation

Summary of Criminal and Juvenile Justice System Legislation

During the 2022 legislative session, the General Assembly considered an array of measures concerning criminal investigations, crime, community safety and crime prevention, victim services, juveniles, and behavioral health.

Release date:
Publishing Agency:
Legislative Council Staff
Subjects:
  • Children & Domestic Matters
  • Courts & Judicial
  • Crimes, Corrections, & Enforcement

Tax Expenditure Evaluation

Exonerated Persons Deduction

Report No. 2022-TE31

Release date:
Publishing Agency:
Office of the State Auditor
Subjects:
  • Crimes, Corrections, & Enforcement
  • Fiscal Policy & Taxes

Final/Annual Reports

2021 Legislative Oversight Committee Concerning the Treatment of Persons with Mental Health Disorders in the Criminal and Juvenile Justice Systems Final Report

Final Report to the Colorado General Assembly by the Legislative Oversight Committee Concerning the Treatment of Persons with Mental Health Disorders in the Criminal and Juvenile Justice Systems.

Release date:
Publishing Agency:
Legislative Council Staff
Subjects:
  • Courts & Judicial
  • Crimes, Corrections, & Enforcement
  • General Assembly
  • Human Services

Summary of Major Legislation

Summary of Crimes and Law Enforcement Legislation (2021)

During the 2021 legislative session, the General Assembly introduced several bills concerning crimes, criminal penalties, and law enforcement. Following is a recap of the major legislation considered in these subject areas.During the 2021 legislative session, the General Assembly introduced several bills concerning crimes, criminal penalties, and law enforcement. Following is a recap of the major legislation considered in these subject areas.

Release date:
Publishing Agency:
Legislative Council Staff
Subjects:
  • Crimes, Corrections, & Enforcement