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Budget Related Publications

2025/2026 JBC Schedule

This is the Joint Budget Committee's schedule. Please check this document regularly for schedule updates.

Release date:
Publishing Agency:
Joint Budget Committee Staff
Subjects:
  • State Revenue & Budget

Staff Publications

SMART Government Act Hearings

This memorandum provides an overview of the "State Measurement for Accountable, Responsive, and Transparent Government Act" (SMART Government Act). The act requires executive agencies to annually present specific information to joint legislative committees during the first two weeks of the legislative session. This memorandum summarizes the information that state agencies are required to submit to committees in advance of the hearings and information presented in the hearings.
Required Information

Release date:
Publishing Agency:
Legislative Council Staff
Subjects:
  • General Assembly

Issue Briefs

Regenerative Agriculture

Regenerative agriculture includes farming and ranching practices that reduce environmental impacts, maintain soil longevity, increase soil nutrients, and retain soil moisture, while simultaneously increasing or maintaining crop production. This issue brief provides information to policy makers about commonly used regenerative agriculture practices, and highlights state and federal resources to assist producers in implementing these practices.

Release date:
Publishing Agency:
Legislative Council Staff
Subjects:
  • Agriculture

Staff Publications

Fraudulent Use of Pets as Service Animals

This memorandum provides information on service and assistance animals. Specifically, it explains the differences between each type of animal, how each type of animal can be verified, the rights granted to individuals accompanied by a service animal, and offenses related to the misrepresentation of service or assistance animals.

Release date:
Publishing Agency:
Legislative Council Staff
Subjects:
  • Civil Law
  • Crimes, Corrections, & Enforcement
  • Housing
  • Human Services

Budget Related Publications

Forecast December 2025

Focus Colorado presents forecasts for the economy and state government revenue through FY 2026-27. Implications of the forecast for the state's General Fund budget and spending limit are described in the report's highlights and executive summary sections. The report is based on current law, legislation passed by the General Assembly affecting the forecast is described throughout the report.

Release date:
Publishing Agency:
Legislative Council Staff
Subjects:
  • Fiscal Policy & Taxes
  • State Revenue & Budget

Final/Annual Reports

2025 Representative Hugh McKean Colorado Youth Advisory Council Review Committee Final Report

The Representative Hugh McKean Colorado Youth Advisory Council Review Committee was established in 2019 to review the work of the Colorado Youth Advisory Council (COYAC), which was created in 2008, and recommend legislation affecting Colorado youth. In 2025, the review committee’s bill drafting authority was repealed by Senate Bill 25-199. COYAC and the review committee are both scheduled to repeal on September 1, 2028, after a sunset review. 

Release date:
Publishing Agency:
Legislative Council Staff
Subjects:
  • Children & Domestic Matters
  • General Assembly

Final/Annual Reports

2025 Treatment of Persons with Behavioral Health Disorders in the Juvenile Justice Systems Final Report

Submitted herewith is the final report of the Legislative Oversight Committee for the Treatment of Persons with Behavioral Health Disorders in the Criminal and Juvenile Justice Systems. The committee was created pursuant to Article 98 of Title 37, Colorado Revised Statutes. The purpose of this committee is to oversee an advisory task force that studies and makes recommendations concerning persons with behavioral health disorders who are justice-involved. 

Release date:
Publishing Agency:
Legislative Council Staff
Subjects:
  • Courts & Judicial
  • Crimes, Corrections, & Enforcement
  • General Assembly
  • Human Services

Final/Annual Reports

2025 Transportation Legislation Review Committee Final Report

Submitted herewith is the final report of the Transportation Legislation Review Committee (TLRC). This committee was created pursuant to Section 43-2-145, Colorado Revised Statutes. The purpose of this committee is to give guidance and direction to the Colorado Department of Transportation on the development of the state transportation system, and to provide legislative oversight of and input into such development.

Release date:
Publishing Agency:
Legislative Council Staff
Subjects:
  • General Assembly
  • Transportation & Motor Vehicles

Staff Publications

Wildfire Matters Review Committee Final Report

Pursuant to Section 2-3-1602, C.R.S., the committee is charged with reviewing and proposing legislation or other policy changes related to wildfire prevention, mitigation, and related matters, including public safety and forest health issues.

Release date:
Publishing Agency:
Legislative Council Staff
Subjects:
  • Natural Resources & Environment

Staff Publications

Water Resources and Agriculture Review Committee Final Report

Pursuant to Section 37-98-102, C.R.S., the Water Resources and Agriculture Review Committee’s (WRARC) purpose is to oversee the conservation, use, development, and financing of Colorado's water resources and identify, monitor, and address Colorado agriculture issues. The committee is also required to review statewide planning for water resources. The WRARC reviews and proposes legislation to further its purpose. In conducting its review, the WRARC consults with experts in the fields of water conservation, quality, use, finance, and development and the field of agriculture.

Release date:
Publishing Agency:
Legislative Council Staff
Subjects:
  • Agriculture
  • Water

Staff Publications

Overview and History of Statewide Ballot Measures in Colorado

This memorandum provides an overview of the statewide ballot measure process; a summary of the measures approved or rejected by Colorado voters between 1880 and 2025; and links to additional resources at the offices of the Colorado Legislative Council Staff and the Colorado Secretary of State.

Release date:
Publishing Agency:
Legislative Council Staff
Subjects:
  • Elections & Redistricting
  • General Assembly

Staff Publications

SB25-190 Study: Special Needs Parole and Correctional Release Options

Aging and ill inmates are the fastest growing population within Colorado prisons. Special needs parole (SNP) is designed to provide early release or parole to incarcerated individuals who have serious, debilitating, or terminal illnesses, or who are advanced age and no longer pose a threat to public safety. Yet, this release mechanism is used infrequently, often due to lack of healthcare services and housing options available upon release to the community.

Release date:
Publishing Agency:
Legislative Council Staff
Subjects:
  • Courts & Judicial
  • Crimes, Corrections, & Enforcement
  • Health Care & Health Insurance
  • Human Services
  • Local Government
  • State Government

Staff Publications

Overview of the Fiscal Note Process

Fiscal notes are prepared by Colorado Legislative Council Staff (LCS) to provide the members of the Colorado General Assembly with the estimated impact of proposed legislation on state and local government revenue and expenditures. The fiscal note is a non-binding, decision-making tool for legislators and others to use when deliberating state policy.

Release date:
Publishing Agency:
Legislative Council Staff
Subjects:
  • State Revenue & Budget

Summary of Major Legislation

Summary of 2025 State Government and Immigration Legislation

During the 2025 legislative session, the General Assembly considered bills concerning the state, including the General Assembly, the Colorado Open Records Act, and a state symbol. Additionally, the General Assembly considered legislation addressing various immigration matters. 

Release date:
Publishing Agency:
Legislative Council Staff
Subjects:
  • Immigration
  • State Government

Summary of Major Legislation

Summary of 2025 Military and Veterans Legislation

During the 2025 legislative session, the General Assembly considered several bills concerning the military and veterans, including service providers, the military code, and assistance programs.

Release date:
Publishing Agency:
Legislative Council Staff
Subjects:
  • Military & Veterans

Summary of Major Legislation

Summary of 2025 Elections Legislation

During the 2025 legislative session, the General Assembly considered several bills concerning elections, including changes to vacancy elections, voting rights, voter verification, the initiative process, and the national popular vote.

Release date:
Publishing Agency:
Legislative Council Staff
Subjects:
  • Elections & Redistricting

Issue Briefs

Geothermal Energy Resources and Policy Incentives

This issue brief provides an overview of geothermal energy resources and policies in the United States and Colorado as well as recent legislation enacted to promote the use of geothermal energy in Colorado.

Release date:
Publishing Agency:
Legislative Council Staff
Subjects:
  • Energy
  • Natural Resources & Environment
  • Water

Staff Publications

Funding Mechanisms and Fiscal Notes

This memorandum is intended for use by policymakers, legislative drafters, and budget analysts to understand the different funding mechanisms that may be used in legislation. It describes how different funding mechanisms in legislation impact the state budget and how they are shown in fiscal notes. These funding mechanisms include appropriations, transfers, diversions, and warrants on state funds, as well as fee revenue and gifts, grants, or donations. The memorandum concludes with a list of funding mechanisms for which voter approval is required.

Release date:
Publishing Agency:
Legislative Council Staff
Subjects:
  • Fiscal Policy & Taxes
  • General Assembly
  • State Revenue & Budget

Staff Publications

National Environmental Policy Act and Large Transportation Projects

The National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA) was signed into law in 1970. It requires federal agencies to consider the environmental effects of a project and involve the public in the decision-making process before proceeding with a project. The requirements for complying with NEPA depend on many factors, including the size and scope of the project and the extent of which it may affect community resources, such as parks, water resources, and urban communities.

Release date:
Publishing Agency:
Legislative Council Staff
Subjects:
  • Transportation & Motor Vehicles




Issue Briefs

Overview of Minimum Wage Laws

Federal law requires employers to pay their employees a minimum hourly wage. States have the authority to set different pay standards than the federal minimum wage requirement. However, when the state and federal law differ, such as in Colorado, the higher wage prevails. This issue brief provides an overview and history of federal and Colorado minimum wage laws and provides a summary of how other states compare to the federal standard. 

Release date:
Publishing Agency:
Legislative Council Staff
Subjects:
  • Business & Economic Development
  • Labor & Employment

Issue Briefs

Aquatic Nuisance Species Program

Aquatic nuisance species (ANS) are invasive animals, plants, and disease-causing pathogens that can affect lakes, reservoirs, rivers, streams, and wetlands. This issue brief provides an explanation of ANS and an overview of the Colorado ANS Program. 

Release date:
Publishing Agency:
Legislative Council Staff
Subjects:
  • Natural Resources & Environment
  • Water

Issue Briefs

Specific Ownership Tax

In place of property taxes, Coloradans pay the specific ownership tax (SOT) on their vehicles. This issue brief provides an overview of the SOT, including how it is calculated, collected, and distributed.

Release date:
Publishing Agency:
Legislative Council Staff
Subjects:
  • Transportation & Motor Vehicles